Prez pyrvata polovina na H˛H vek iaponskoto obshtestvo prezhiviava dylboka kriza, dovela v krajna smetka do vseobhvatni revoliucionni promeni, ostanali v istoriata pod nazvanieto Restavraciata Mejdzhi. V rezultat na tezi promeni stranata uvereno trygva po pytia na modernizaciata i industrializaciata. Ne zakysniavat i obichajnite v podobni sluchai opiti za preocenka na tradicionnite cennosti.
Prez osemdesette i nachaloto na devetdesette godini na H˛H vek v Iaponia se vodi diskusia pod mototo „Literatura li e hajku?“. Prez 1892 g. v diskusiata se vkliuchva i Masaoka Shiki - poet, teoretik i rodonachalnik na syvremennoto hajku, chieto ime iaponcite postaviat v edin red s imenata na Bashio, Buson i Isa. Togava toj pravi znamenitoto si izkazvane za hajku kato chast ot literaturata. Pod negovo vlianie nazvanieto na tristishiata se promenia ot hokku na hajku. Makar i novator, Shiki nikoga ne se e obiaviaval protiv sezonnite dumi i fiksiranata forma na hajku.
V teoretichnoto nasledstvo na Shiki osobeno miasto zaema teoriata za shiasej (shaseisetsu) kato osnoven tvorcheski princip v hajku. Prez poslednite godini tazi teoria se prevyrna v obekt na ozhiveni diskusii na stranicite na specializiranite iaponski izdania.
Terminyt shasei pyrvonachalno e bil izpolzvan v izobrazitelnoto izkustvo za prevod na anglijskia termin sketch skica, pejzazhna risunka, no sled Shiki s nego se nazova tvorcheski princip, kojto uslovno mozhe da byde opredelen kato realizym. Uslovnostta proizticha ot obstoiatelstvoto, che shiasej i realizmyt imat analogichni definicii, no shiasej se otnasia edinstveno za poetichnite zhanrove hajku i tanka.
Za da razberem prichinite za tova razgranichavane, triabva da analizirame miastoto na choveka v hajku, ot edna strana, i v ostanalite poetichni zhanrove, ot druga. Tozi analiz shte ni dade i kliucha kym razlichiata mezhdu hajku i senriu, koito ot gledna tochka na stihoslozhenieto sa identichni.
Ako priemem glednata tochka na R. Blajt1 - naj-golemia evropejski specialist po hajku i dzen, - v hajku se razkriva syshtnostta na prirodata, a v senriu - syshtnostta na choveka. Dokato v hajku prirodata zaema centralno miasto, v senriu tia ili otsystva, ili sluzhi kato fon za razkrivane na vytreshnoto psihologichesko systoianie na choveka.
V hajku chovekyt se razglezhda ne kato chast ot obshtestvoto, a kato otdelen individ, chieto prisystvie ozariava prirodata, ako otnovo citirame Blajs. Liubovta i izneviarata, bednostta i bogatstvoto, koito zaemat vazhno miasto v senriu, se otnasiat kym periferiata na hajku i po pravilo sa predstaveni kato individualni prezhiviavania na avtora. Taka e predstaven i harakterniat za hajku motiv za systradanieto kym vsiako zhivo syshtestvo.
Sybitiata v hajku ne sa orientirani spriamo linejnoto vreme, no pyk chrez sezonnite dumi te sa privyrzani kym tochno opredeleni momenti ot ciklichnite promeni na prirodata. V redkite sluchai, kogato bihme mogli da govorim za razvitie vyv vremeto, tova razvitie proticha tuk i sega. Istoricheskite i civilizacionnite procesi, dyrzhavata i obshtestvoto, socialnite i promishlenite revoliucii - tova sa temi otvyd teritoriata na hajku.
Frequently Asked Questions:
What is BALKANATOLIA.com? BALKANATOLIA.com is a shop for Bulgarian music, films
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Why are some texts and descriptions in Bulgarian with Latin script?
Products such as books and films are in Bulgarian and are targetted mainly at Bulgarians.
To be able to read the website without a Cyrillic font installed on your computer, the description of these products in the English version of the website is in Latin script.
