| |
|
|
| | | Description: |  | Razdelenieto na vlastite i sistemata na kontrol i balans v Konstituciata na Syedinenite shtati sa edin ot naj-visoko cenenite belezi na amerikanskata demokracia. Te garantirat ne samo nezavisimostta na sydebnata vlast, no i nejnite golemi prava. Ideiata se e zarodila v Drevna Gyrcia i v novi vremena se zastypva ot anglijskia filosof Dzhon Lok i ot frenskia mu kolega baron de Monteskio.
No „bashtite-osnovateli" i po-konkretno - Dzhejms Madisyn, s napisvaneto na Konstituciata na Syedinenite shtati, davat zhivot na tezi idei v republikanskata forma na pravitelstvo, koiato syzdavat sled izvoiuvaneto na Nezavisimostta. Nezavisimostta na sydebnata vlast e vyplytena v chlen 3 ot Konstituciata i poluchava po-natatyshen izraz v pyrvite deset popravki na Konstituciata, kasaeshti grazhdanskite prava.
Tozi trud ne nabliaga nito na nezavisimostta na sydebnata vlast, nito na roliata j v amerikanskata sistema na upravlenie. Toj, po-skoro, predstavliava opit za razbor za tova, kak raboti na praktika amerikanskata sistema na sydilishtata - glavnite dejstvashti lica v sistemata, nejnata struktura, nejnite funkcii i nejnite etichni pravila. No e vazhno da se osyznae, che sydilishtata na Syedinenite shtati syshtestvuvat v napylno konstitucionna ramka, koiato garantira tiahnata nezavisimost.
Prezidentite, naprimer, mogat da naznachavat federalni sydii, no ne mogat da gi otstraniavat. Tova pravo e rezervirano za Kongresa, no se izpolzva riadko. Sydiite, ot svoia strana, mogat da anulirat dejstviata na Prezidenta i na Kongresa, kato gi obiaviavat za nekonstitucionni - harakterna cherta na amerikanskata sistema, koiato chuzhdite nabliudateli chesto pyti namirat za udivitelna. No tova pravo za sydebno prerazglezhdane ne e absoliutno, tyj kato zakonite mogat da bydat izmeniani, kakto i Konstituciata, ako tova e nuzhno.
V knigata sa razgledani mehanizmite na amerikanskata sistema na sydilishtata,razdelenieto mezhdu federalni i shtatski sydilishta, roliata na administrativnite sydilishta i izkliuchitelno vazhniat apelativen proces, kojto mozhe da premine prez specialni apelativni sydilishta na razlichni niva, i poniakoga mozhe da dostigne do Vyrhovnia syd na Syedinenite shtati, kojto v amerikanskata sistema ima poslednata duma po sydebni i konstitucionni vyprosi.
Amerikanskata pravosydna sistema, v osnovata si, e edin systezatelen proces. Tia se bazira na shvashtaneto, che e po-veroiatno da se stigne do istinata, ako i dvete strani - zashtitata i obvinenieto - mogat da predstaviat agresivno argumentite si pred zhurito, pri bezpristrastni pravila za dokazatelstvata i pred nepredubeden sydia. Rolite na uchastnicite v sydebnia proces sa syshto obekt na izsledvane.
V amerikanskata sistema ima dve syvsem razlichni formi na proces - grazhdanski i nakazatelen. Pravilata za vseki edin ot tiah, zadylzheniata na syda i pravata na obviniaemite se razlichavat korenno, poradi koeto e otdeleno neobhodimoto vnimanie i na tiah, kato sa posocheni i razgledani i niakoi populiarni v SASht dela.
Kliuchov komponent na sydebnata sistema na Syedinenite shtati e shvashtaneto za obichajnoto ili „syzdavanoto ot sydiata" pravo (pisano i nepisano), koeto kontrastira s grazhdanskoto pravo, systaveno predimno ot pisani zakoni.Napraven e opit da se obiasni tradiciata na obichajnoto pravo, taka kakto novoto amerikansko pravitelstvo ia naslediava ot Velikobritania - kolonialnata sila.
Nikoia sistema na sydilishtata ne mozhe da funkcionira spravedlivo i efikasno, bez da sa predvideni v neia zashtitni merki, koito da garantirat dokolkoto e vyzmozhno maksimalno visoki standarti za moralnite pravila na sydii, advokati i na drugite lica, uchastvashti v procesa. Bezpristrastnostta, profesionalizmyt i avtoritetyt im sa izkliuchitelno neobhodimi za nalichieto na doverie i podkrepa, ot strana na obshtestvoto. Zatova e izsledvan vyprosyt, kak mogat da se syzdavat i sybliudavat takiva standarti za moralnite pravila, koito da garantirat neutralnostta na vyrhovenstvoto na zakona.
Ot syzdavaneto na amerikanskata republika, roliata na sydilishtata v Syedinenite shtati e bila ne samo da nakazvat prestypleniata, no i da potvyrzhdavat vyplytenite v Konstituciata prava. Prosledena e istoriata na edno ot naj-vazhnite sydebni reshenia v istoriata na konstitucionnoto pravo na Syedinenite shtati. Stava vypros za tova, kak malka grupa ot grazhdani otmenia v syda shtatski zakon, kojto tezi hora smiatat za nespravedliv. Tehnite vyzgledi prinuzhdavat Vyrhovnia syd da vzeme reshenie, koeto anulira shtatskia zakon i podobnite mu zakoni v dvadeset i chetiri drugi shtata.
V otdelna glava sa razgledani specifichnite osobenosti na niakoi otdelni shtati,koito sa tipichni za opredelena grupa. Posocheni sa syshtestvuvashtite i funkcionirashti sydilishta, tiahnata specifika, kato e napraven opit da se iziasniat i razlikite im s federalnite.
Naj-nakraia, v prilozhenieto, sa publikuvani pylniat tekst na Konstituciata na SASht, koiato, za syzhalenie, vse oshte trudno se namira na nashia iuridicheski pazar; dejstvashti pravilnici i instrukcii, kakto na federalno, taka i na shtatsko nivo. Posocheni sa syshto taka otdelnite apelativni sydebni rajoni, rajonite na okryzhnite sydilishta, tehnite sedalishta. Publikuvan e i spisyk s naj-chesto izpolzvanite termini v amerikanskata sydebna sistema, s prevod na bylgarski ezik i obiasnenie na syotvetnia termin. |
| |
| Frequently Asked Questions: |
|
What is BALKANATOLIA.com?
BALKANATOLIA.com is a shop for Bulgarian music, films
and books in Bulgarian in Internet. Here you can find
up-to-date information on the new titles and buy the
products you want.
Are you delivering worldwide?
Yes, we are selling both within Bulgaria and abroad.
No matter where you are you can buy the products you
want.
Why are the prices both in USD and BGN?
The prices are in BGN and are converted in USD at the
offical currency rate of the day when the order is shipped
abroad. The price of the products is the same no matter
what currency you see on the screen.
How can you pay for the order?
For Bulgaria the orders are paid by cash on delivery.
Orders abroad can be paid by credit cards (Visa and
MasterCard), Western Union and MoneyGram transfers or
bank transfer. For some countries we support transfer
through postal money order.
Are credit card payments secure?
Credit card payments are processed through PayPal.com
and 2checkout.com to ensure 100 safety in transfers.
Are all the products available in stock?
We offer over 5000 titles books, music and films.
That is why we have in stock only the best selling products
as well as the newest titles from each category. The
rest of the products are ordered on demand but this
in general does not impact on our 48-hour time limit
for shipment.
What is the price for delivery?
The price for delivery depends on the destination and
number of products ordered. For Sofia the price is 1.80
BGN irrespective of the number of products ordered,
for the rest of Bulgaria it is between 1.20 and 3.90
BGN per product depending on the number of products
ordered.
The price for delivery abroad is from 6.80 USD to 9.40
USD per product depending on the number of products
ordered. When you place an order, write down your name
and password and you will see the price for delivery
when the final price is calculated.
How long does delivery take?
Delivery times vary depending on the destination. It
is 2 days for Sofia, and a week for the rest of Bulgaria.
The delivery time outside Bulgaria ranges from 1 to
4 weeks depending on the destination. The orders are
shipped within 2 working days after confirmation of
their payment. If you want express delivery of your
order within 2 or 3 days by DHL or UPS please contact
us for a price quote through email: .
How are the ordered products shipped?
The orders for Sofia are delivered to you by courier.
The orders for Bulgaria are sent through COD by Bulgarian
Posts. The orders abroad are delivered through postal
services with registered mail.
How to order?
To order a product you should be registered in the website
(through the [ Registration
] button from the above menu). Afterwards select the
product you want and click on the add
to cart >> button for the format you prefer:
compact disc, audio cassette, DVD or video CD.
Why are some texts and descriptions in Bulgarian with Latin script?
Products such as books and films are in Bulgarian and are targetted mainly at Bulgarians.
To be able to read the website without a Cyrillic font installed on your computer, the description of these products in the English version of the website is in Latin script.
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
